Impact of COVID-19 on Electricity Demand: Deriving Minimum States of System Health for Studies on Resilience

To assess the resilience of energy systems, i.e., ability to recover after an unexpected shock, system’s minimum state service is a key input. Quantitative descriptions such states are inherently elusive. The measures adopted by governments contain COVID-19 have provided empirical data, which may serve as proxy for service. Here, we systematize impact on electricity demand. We classify into three phases increasing stringency, ranging from working home soft and full lockdowns, four major consuming countries Europe. use readily accessible data European Network Transmission System Operators Electricity basis. For each country phase, derive representative daily load profiles with hourly resolution obtained k-medoids clustering. analysis could unravel influence different consumption differences among countries. It observed that peak considerably flattened total decreases up 30% under circumstances brought about restrictions. These demand useful planning community, especially when designing future systems focus system more digitalised society in terms home.